The Origin of Valentine's Day in English

1. The Saint Valentine Legend

The most widely circulated tale centers around Saint Valentine（or Valentine）, a Christian martyr who was executed in 270 AD. He refused to renounce his faith and was killed by Emperor Claudius II while attempting to protect Christian couples. His martyrdom on February 14th led to the establishment of the festival in his honor, symbolizing love and devotion .

2. Christian Influence

The Christian Church played a crucial role in shaping the festival. After Saint Valentine's execution, the date was commemorated as Saint Valentine's Day. Over time, this religious observance evolved into a secular celebration of love and romance, especially among the upper classes .

3. Historical Context

Date Selection: February 14th was chosen because it was the 45th day of the Roman calendar, marking the halfway point to the winter solstice 。

Pagan Origins: Some theories suggest that the date may have pre-Christian origins related to Roman festival of Lupercalia （February 13-15th）, which celebrated fertility and love. However, this is less prominent in the historical narratives 。

4. Cultural Evolution

The festival gained popularity in the Middle Ages and became associated with courtly love. By the 16th century, it was widely celebrated in Europe. Today, it is a global phenomenon, with traditions including exchanging chocolates, flowers, and cards to express affection 。

Summary

Valentine's Day originated as a Christian martyrdom in 270 AD but transformed into a secular celebration of love by the Middle Ages. The date and traditions evolved over centuries, becoming a global festival of romance and affection.